This package provides students with practice at calculations typical of the titrimetric assays found in the British Pharmacopoeia. Emphasis is placed on the methods of calculation and not the detailed theory of titrimetry. After working through this package students should have sufficient confidence to tackle any titrimetric calculation for which a conversion factor is known.

A Screen from the package

Contents

1.Introduction to Titrimetry Principles of Titrimetry Standard Solutions Back Titrations Significant figures and errors Units 2.Acid-base Titrations Aminobenzoic Acid 0.1M Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Bicarbonate Ibuprofen Tablets Sodium Acid Citrate 3.EDTA Titrations Bismuth Subcarbonate Heavy Magnesium Carbonate Zinc and coal tar paste Aluminium Acetate Ear Drops

4.Precipitation Titrations 0.1M Silver Nitrate Sodium Chloride Eye Lotion Assay for Sodium Chloride Chloride in Haemodialysis Potassium Bromide 5.Oxidation-reduction Titrations 0.05M Bromine Isoniazid Ferrous Gluconate Potassium Permanganate Aqueous Iodine Oral Solution 6.Acid-base Titrations Adrenaline Water in Olive Oil Ephedrine Hydrochloride Levodopa Tablets

No previous knowledge of titrimetry is required. The package can be used to support lectures and laboratory work in this branch of Pharmaceutical Analysis.

The package requires considerable interaction by the student in the form of text entry, dragging icons or selection from lists of options. Students will need to make extensive use of pen, paper and calculator to work through the package.

Conceptually, the package can be divided into two parts:

Introduction to Titrimetry: The five activities in this section include the topics - principles of titrimetry, preparation of standard solutions, back titrations, significant figures/errors and units.

The fundamental relationship between volumes and concentrations for a titration is derived and examples of its use are given. Conversion factors, their derivations and use in British Pharmacopoeia methods are explained in detail.

Great importance is placed on reporting the results of calculations to a realistic accuracy and precision, and the activity 'Significant Figures and errors' provides students with some useful guidelines. The conventions used for symbols and units in this package are explained in detail in the activity 'Units'.

Five sections covering: Acid-base, EDTA, Precipitation, Oxidation-reduction and Non-aqueous titrations constitute the bulk of the package. Each section contains four or five activities giving practice at calculations for each class of titration. The problems are graded from simple to difficult. Extensive hints and feedback are provided to help the students through the calculations.